By A/Prof Adrian Yap, Consultant Prosthodontist

Dead Man’s Breath

Bad breath or halitosis is usually caused by sulphur-producing bacteria that reside within the back of the tongue and throat.

“These bacteria break down proteins at a very high rate and release odorous volatile sulphur compounds. Although bad breath is not infectious, it can have a major impact on a person’s confidence and self-esteem due to its social connotations. Because of bad breath, other people may back away or turn their heads when a person speaks or goes near,” said A/Prof Adrian Yap, Consultant Prosthodontist, Raffles Dental.

The main causes of halitosis are:

• Dental factors - such as poor oral hygiene (which can be aggravated by poorly aligned teeth and gaps between teeth) and gum infections
• Food high in protein, sugar or acid in the presence of sulphur - producing bacteria
• Dry mouth caused by medication, alcohol, stress or medical conditions
• Smoking
• Nasal and sinus infections
• Less common causes of halitosis include acid reflux from the stomach, hormonal factors during menstrual cycle or pregnancy and foods such as onions, garlic or cauliflower. The effects of odorous foods are short-lived.

In addition to bad breath, other symptoms may include:

• A white coating on the tongue or a burning tongue
• Dry mouth and teeth
• Thick saliva and a constant need to clear your throat
• Post nasal drip, or mucous
• Constant sour, bitter metallic taste

Treatment of halitosis depends largely on the underlying causes. As it is caused by many factors, there is usually no one single treatment. Still, a visit to your dentist will be a good place to start. Your dentist will clean your teeth and manage your gum problems. You will also be instructed on proper oral hygiene procedures. Poorly aligned teeth and gaps in teeth can also be fixed with braces, implants, etc.”

Good oral hygiene, including brushing, flossing and cleaning your tongue, is important for reducing the bacteria load. Some mouthwashes may also be effective in fighting bad breath. A course of antibiotics to reduce the overgrowth of sulphur-producing bacteria could also be helpful. People with chronic sinusitis should get it treated by a doctor.

For more information or to make an appointment, please call our appointment hotlines or email us at dental@raffleshospital.com